Semantic Mapping Vocabulary

Metadata

IRI
http://w3id.org/semapv/vocab/semapv.owl
Title

Semantic Mapping Vocabulary

License
https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Version Iri
ns2:semapv.owl
Description

The Semantic Mapping Vocabulary provides and defines terms used for creating and maintaining semantic mappings, in particular mapping metadata.

Classes

background knowledge-based matching process c

IRI https://w3id.org/semapv/vocab/BackgroundKnowledgeBasedMatching
Description

A matching process that exploits background knowledge from external resources, commonly referred to as background knowledge resources. This approach is also known as indirect matching, BK-based matching or context-based matching.

Example

A match between a subject A and an object B was established because they appear equivalent under consideration of externally provided background knowledge.

Source ns3:j.websem.2018.04.001
Sub Class Of sempav_voc:Matching c

blank normalisation c

IRI https://w3id.org/semapv/vocab/BlankNormalisation
Description

A normalization technique replacing all blank characters, such as space, tabulation, carriage return (or sequences of these) into a single blank character.

Example

The string 'ontology matching' (two spaces between 'ontology' and 'matching) becomes 'ontology matching' (one space).

Source ns4:978-3-642-38721-0
Sub Class Of sempav_voc:Normalization c

cardinality filtering c

IRI https://w3id.org/semapv/vocab/CardinalityFiltering
Sub Class Of sempav_voc:MatchingPostProcessing c

case normalization c

IRI https://w3id.org/semapv/vocab/CaseNormalization
Description

A normalization technique converting each alphabetic character in a string to their lower case counterpart.

Example

The string 'Ontology' is normalised to 'ontology' (lower case).

Source ns4:978-3-642-38721-0
Sub Class Of sempav_voc:Normalization c

composite matching process c

IRI https://w3id.org/semapv/vocab/CompositeMatching
Description

A matching process based on multiple, possibly intertwined, matching approaches.

Example

An ontology matching tool determines that a subject should be mapped to an object by employing a range of techniques, including lexical, semantic and structural.

Sub Class Of sempav_voc:Matching c

diacritics suppression c

IRI https://w3id.org/semapv/vocab/DiacriticsSuppression
Description

A normalization technique replacing diactritic signs (e.g. accents, hats) with their most frequent replacements.

Example

The string 'Protégé' is normalised to 'Protege'.

Source ns4:978-3-642-38721-0
Sub Class Of sempav_voc:Normalization c

digit suppression c

IRI https://w3id.org/semapv/vocab/DigitSuppression
Description

A normalization technique removing all numbers in a string.

Example

The string 'ontology1' becomes 'ontology'.

Source ns4:978-3-642-38721-0
Sub Class Of sempav_voc:Normalization c

hamming distance c

IRI https://w3id.org/semapv/vocab/HammingDistance
Source ns4:978-3-642-38721-0
Sub Class Of sempav_voc:StringBasedSimilarityMeasure c

instance-based matching process c

IRI https://w3id.org/semapv/vocab/InstanceBasedMatching
Description

A matching process based on individual representations (or instances).

Example

A match between a subject A and an object B was established because they share the same instances.

Source ns4:978-3-642-38721-0
Sub Class Of sempav_voc:Matching c

language-based similarity measure c

IRI https://w3id.org/semapv/vocab/LanguageBasedSimilarityMeasure
Source ns4:978-3-642-38721-0
Sub Class Of sempav_voc:SimilarityMeasure c

lemmatization c

IRI https://w3id.org/semapv/vocab/Lemmatization
Description

The process of reducing the different forms of a word to one single form.

Source ns4:978-3-642-38721-0
Sub Class Of sempav_voc:Normalization c

levenshtein distance c

IRI https://w3id.org/semapv/vocab/LevenshteinEditDistance
Source ns4:978-3-642-38721-0
Sub Class Of sempav_voc:EditDistance c

lexical matching process c

IRI https://w3id.org/semapv/vocab/LexicalMatching
Description

A matching process based on a lexical comparison between one or more syntactic features of the subject with one or more syntactic features of the object.

Example

The label of a subject entity matches to an exact synonym of an object entity.

Sub Class Of sempav_voc:Matching c

lexical similarity threshold-based matching process c

IRI https://w3id.org/semapv/vocab/LexicalSimilarityThresholdMatching
Description

A lexical matching process based on a minimum threshold of a score from a comparison based on a lexical similarity algorithm.

Example

A match between a subject and an object was established because they had a Levenshtein score higher than 0.8.

Sub Class Of sempav_voc:Matching c

link stripping c

IRI https://w3id.org/semapv/vocab/LinkStripping
Description

A normalization technique replacing specific links between words, such as apostrophes, dashes, underscore, etc into dashes or blanks.

Example

The string 'alzheimer's' becomes 'alzheimers'.

Source ns4:978-3-642-38721-0
Sub Class Of sempav_voc:Normalization c

logical consistency filtering c

IRI https://w3id.org/semapv/vocab/LogicalConsistencyFiltering
Sub Class Of sempav_voc:MatchingPostProcessing c

logical reasoning process c

IRI https://w3id.org/semapv/vocab/LogicalReasoning
Description

A matching process based on the inferences made by a logical reasoner.

Example

Two classes across ontologies are determined equivalent by an OWL reasoner such as ELK.

Sub Class Of sempav_voc:Matching c

manual mapping curation c

IRI https://w3id.org/semapv/vocab/ManualMappingCuration
Description

An matching process that is performed by a human agent and is based on human judgement and domain knowledge.

Example

A human curator determines that a subject should be mapped to an object by virtue of their domain expertise.

Sub Class Of sempav_voc:Matching c

mapping c

IRI https://w3id.org/semapv/vocab/Mapping
Description

A triple comprising a subject entity s, an object entity o and a mapping predicate p.

Example

The subject entity NCI:C9305 is mapped to the object entity ICD10:C80.9 using the skos:relatedMatch mapping predicate.

mapping activity c

IRI https://w3id.org/semapv/vocab/MappingActivity
Description

A process that relates to the creation, confirmation, rejection or curation of a mapping.

Example

Matching is a mapping activity that results in the creating of a mapping; mapping review is an activity that results in the confirmation of a mapping.

Super Class Of

mapping chaining-based matching process c

IRI https://w3id.org/semapv/vocab/MappingChaining
Description

A matching process based on the traversing of multiple mappings.

Example

A match between a subject A and an object B was established because A was mapped to C, C was mapped to D and D was mapped to B.

Sub Class Of sempav_voc:Matching c

mapping inversion-based matching process c

IRI https://w3id.org/semapv/vocab/MappingInversion
Description

A matching process based on the inverting or flipping of the subject with the object of a mapping in accordance with the semantics of the mapping predicate.

Example

A broad match between a subject A and an object B using the skos:narrowMatch mapping relation was established because B was mapped to A using the skos:broadMatch mapping relation.

Source https://mapping-commons.github.io/sssom/chaining_rules/
Sub Class Of sempav_voc:Matching c

mapping review c

IRI https://w3id.org/semapv/vocab/MappingReview
Description

A process that is concerned with determining if a mapping “candidate” (otherwise determined) is reasonable/correct.

Example

A match between a subject A and an object B was established elsewhere, and a human reviewer determined that the mapping is true (or false) based on an independent evaluation.

Sub Class Of sempav_voc:MappingActivity c

matching process post-processing c

IRI https://w3id.org/semapv/vocab/MatchingPostProcessing
Description

A process applied to a set of mappings, usually with the intention of changing it.

Sub Class Of sempav_voc:MappingActivity c
Super Class Of

matching process pre-processing c

IRI https://w3id.org/semapv/vocab/MatchingPreprocessing
Description

A preliminary processing of inputs prior to performing matching.

Sub Class Of sempav_voc:MappingActivity c
Super Class Of sempav_voc:Normalization c

punctuation elimination c

IRI https://w3id.org/semapv/vocab/PunctuationElemination
Description

A normalization technique removing all punctation characters from a string.

Example

The string 'e.g.' becomes 'eg'.

Source ns4:978-3-642-38721-0
Sub Class Of sempav_voc:Normalization c

regex removal c

IRI https://w3id.org/semapv/vocab/RegexRemoval
Description

A preprocessing method transforming a string by matching a regular expression and then removing that match.

Example

The regex match “[ -]phenotype” is removed from the label field of the subject entity in the mapping.

Sub Class Of sempav_voc:Normalization c

regex replacement c

IRI https://w3id.org/semapv/vocab/RegexReplacement
Description

A preprocessing method transforming a string by matching a regular expression and then replacing that match with a specified substitution string.

Example

The regex match “[ -]phenotype” is replaced by “-disease” for the label field of the subject entity in the mapping.

Sub Class Of sempav_voc:Normalization c

semantic similarity threshold-based matching process c

IRI https://w3id.org/semapv/vocab/SemanticSimilarityThresholdMatching
Description

A matching process based on a minimum threshold of a score from a comparison based on a semantic similarity algorithm.

Example

A match between a subject and an object entity was established because they had a Jaccard score higher than 0.8 based on the set of (common) superclasses.

Sub Class Of sempav_voc:Matching c

similarity measure c

IRI https://w3id.org/semapv/vocab/SimilarityMeasure
Description

A technique for determining a score that characterises the similarity between two entities.

Source ns4:978-3-642-38721-0
Super Class Of

stable marriage filtering c

IRI https://w3id.org/semapv/vocab/StableMarriageFiltering
Sub Class Of sempav_voc:MatchingPostProcessing c

stemming c

IRI https://w3id.org/semapv/vocab/Stemming
Description

The process of reducing a word to its word stem.

Sub Class Of sempav_voc:Normalization c

stop-word removal c

IRI https://w3id.org/semapv/vocab/StopWordRemoval
Description

A preprocessing method transforming a string by removing a list of stop words.

Example

The stop-words “of, and, is, a” are removed from the label field of the subject entity in the mapping.

Source ns4:978-3-642-38721-0
Sub Class Of sempav_voc:Normalization c

string-based similarity measure c

IRI https://w3id.org/semapv/vocab/StringBasedSimilarityMeasure
Description

A similarity measure based on the comparison of strings.

Source ns4:978-3-642-38721-0
Sub Class Of sempav_voc:SimilarityMeasure c
Super Class Of

string equality c

IRI https://w3id.org/semapv/vocab/StringEquality
Description

A string-based similarity measure which involves determining if two strings associated with mapping entities are equal.

Source ns4:978-3-642-38721-0
Sub Class Of sempav_voc:StringBasedSimilarityMeasure c

structural matching process c

IRI https://w3id.org/semapv/vocab/StructuralMatching
Description

Structural matching does not involve looking at "values" of properties.

Example

A match between a subject and an object was established because of the similarity of their structural features, e.g., the number of direct property of a class.

Source ns3:j.websem.2009.11.002
Sub Class Of sempav_voc:Matching c

substring similarity c

IRI https://w3id.org/semapv/vocab/SubstringSimilarity
Source ns4:978-3-642-38721-0
Sub Class Of sempav_voc:StringBasedSimilarityMeasure c

substring test c

IRI https://w3id.org/semapv/vocab/SubstringTest
Source ns4:978-3-642-38721-0
Sub Class Of sempav_voc:StringBasedSimilarityMeasure c

term extraction c

IRI https://w3id.org/semapv/vocab/TermExtraction
Source ns4:978-3-642-38721-0
Sub Class Of sempav_voc:Normalization c

threshold filtering c

IRI https://w3id.org/semapv/vocab/ThresholdFiltering
Sub Class Of sempav_voc:MatchingPostProcessing c

token-based distance c

IRI https://w3id.org/semapv/vocab/TokenBasedDistance
Source ns4:978-3-642-38721-0
Sub Class Of sempav_voc:StringBasedSimilarityMeasure c

tokenization c

IRI https://w3id.org/semapv/vocab/Tokenization
Source ns4:978-3-642-38721-0
Sub Class Of sempav_voc:Normalization c

unspecified matching process c

IRI https://w3id.org/semapv/vocab/UnspecifiedMatching
Description

A matching process based on an unspecified comparison.

Example

A mapping between a subject and an object was established, but it is no longer clear how or why.

Sub Class Of sempav_voc:Matching c

ngram similarity c

IRI https://w3id.org/semapv/vocab/nGramSimilarity
Source ns4:978-3-642-38721-0
Sub Class Of sempav_voc:StringBasedSimilarityMeasure c

Annotation Properties

description ap

IRI http://purl.org/dc/terms/description

license ap

IRI http://purl.org/dc/terms/license

source ap

IRI http://purl.org/dc/terms/source

title ap

IRI http://purl.org/dc/terms/title

alt label ap

IRI http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel

broad match ap

IRI http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#broadMatch
Is Defined By skos:
Description

A match where the object is a broader concept than the subject.

Source https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/
Sub Property Of sempav_voc:nonIsomorphicMatch ap
Super Property Of sempav_voc:crossSpeciesBroadMatch ap

close match ap

IRI http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#closeMatch
Is Defined By skos:
Description

A match where the subject and object are sufficiently similar that they can be used interchangeably in some information retrieval applications.

Source https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/
Sub Property Of skos:mappingRelation ap
Super Property Of

definition ap

IRI http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition

exact match ap

IRI http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#exactMatch
Is Defined By skos:
Description

A match where the subject and object are sufficiently similar, with a high degree of confidence, that they can be used interchangeably across a wide range of information retrieval applications.

Source https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/
Sub Property Of

example ap

IRI http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example

mapping relation ap

IRI http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#mappingRelation
Is Defined By skos:
Description

A mapping (alignment) link between two concepts.

Source https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/
Super Property Of

narrow match ap

IRI http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#narrowMatch
Is Defined By skos:
Description

A match where the object is a narrower concept that the subject.

Source https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/
Sub Property Of sempav_voc:nonIsomorphicMatch ap
Super Property Of sempav_voc:crossSpeciesNarrowMatch ap

pref label ap

IRI http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel

related match ap

IRI http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#relatedMatch
Is Defined By skos:
Description

A match where the subject and the object are inherently related, but where none is in any way more general than the other.

Source https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/
Sub Property Of sempav_voc:nonIsomorphicMatch ap
Super Property Of sempav_voc:crossSpeciesExactMatch ap

cross-species broad match ap

IRI https://w3id.org/semapv/vocab/crossSpeciesBroadMatch
Description

A match where the subject is considered analogous to the subject in a different taxonomic grouping, but the object refers to a broader concept.

Example

FBbt:00007091 (D. melanogaster “subperineurial glial sheath”) and UBERON:0000202 (taxon-neutral “glial blood brain barrier”) are a cross-species broad match.

Source ns5:3
Sub Property Of skos:broadMatch ap

cross-species close match ap

IRI https://w3id.org/semapv/vocab/crossSpeciesCloseMatch
Description

A match where the subject and the object belong in different taxonomic groupings, but refer to concepts similar enough that they can be used interchangeably.

Source ns5:3
Sub Property Of

cross-species exact match ap

IRI https://w3id.org/semapv/vocab/crossSpeciesExactMatch
Description

A match where the subject is considered analogous to the object in a different taxonomic grouping.

Example

FBbt:00005074 (D. melanogaster “muscle cell”) and CL:0000187 (taxon-neutral “muscle cell”) are a cross-species exact match.

Source ns5:3
Sub Property Of

cross-species narrow match ap

IRI https://w3id.org/semapv/vocab/crossSpeciesNarrowMatch
Description

A match where the subject is considered analogous to the subject in a different taxonomic grouping, but the object refers to a narrower concept.

Source ns5:3
Sub Property Of skos:narrowMatch ap

isomorphic match ap

IRI https://w3id.org/semapv/vocab/isomorphicMatch
Description

A match where the subject is isomorphic to the object, i.e. considered of identical or similar form, shape, or structure.

Source ns5:3
Sub Property Of skos:mappingRelation ap
Super Property Of

non-isomorphic match ap

IRI https://w3id.org/semapv/vocab/nonIsomorphicMatch
Description

A match where the subject cannot be considered isomorphic to the object, i.e. considered of identical or similar form, shape, or structure. The object corresponds to exactly one subject in the subject_source.

Source ns5:3
Sub Property Of skos:mappingRelation ap
Super Property Of

Namespaces

dcterms
http://purl.org/dc/terms/
doi
https://doi.org/
ns1
http://w3id.org/semapv/vocab/
ns2
http://w3id.org/semapv/vocab/releases/2023-03-02/
ns3
https://doi.org/10.1016/
ns4
https://doi.org/10.1007/
ns5
https://github.com/mapping-commons/semantic-mapping-vocabulary/issues/
owl
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
sempav
https://w3id.org/semapv/
sempav_voc
https://w3id.org/semapv/vocab/
skos
http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#

Legend

c Classes
ap Annotation Properties

made by p y LODE 3.0.1

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